When to Plant Lettuce in Maryland
Published: April 21, 2026
Maryland gardeners in Zone 6a have a 31-week growing season for lettuce (March 30 to November 1). Maryland's spring and fall windows both work well for lettuce — some gardeners plant both successions for a long harvest. This guide gives exact dates for Maryland based on your local frost calendar.
Lettuce Planting Dates for Maryland
| Start seeds indoors | March 2–9 |
| Last frost (average) | March 30 |
| Transplant outdoors | March 2–12 |
| Direct sow outdoors | February 16–26 |
| Expect first harvest | April 1 – May 1 |
| Fall crop start | September 20–30 |
| Fall harvest | October 20 |
| First fall frost (average) | November 1 |
Dates above assume Zone 6a, the most common zone in Maryland. Gardeners in cooler Baltimore (Zone 6a) plant 1–2 weeks later; warmer Waldorf (Zone 6b) can plant 1–2 weeks earlier.
Growing Lettuce in Maryland's Climate
Maryland's moderate Zone 6a climate is well-suited to lettuce with minimal special accommodation. The standard transplant calendar works as written, and harvest windows line up with what seed packets recommend without adjustment.
Succession planting extends your lettuce harvest significantly in Maryland. A second planting 3 to 4 weeks after the first gives you a backup in case of pest pressure and extends the total harvest window into early fall.
Common lettuce pests to watch for in Maryland include Aphids and Slugs. The first line of defense is companion planting: Carrot and Radish planted nearby discourage several of these pests by confusing host-plant identification or repelling adults before they can lay eggs. Weekly garden walks in the early morning catch problems when they're still manageable.
Lettuce Garden Calendar for Maryland
| Month | Task | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| January | — | Dormant season |
| February | Direct sow seeds | Sow seeds 1/4–1/2 inch deep, 8 inches apart |
| March | Transplant outdoors | Soil temp must be 40°F+; nighttime lows above 50°F |
| April | First harvest window opens | Lettuce begins producing 30–60 days after transplant |
| May ← | Watch for bolting | Harvest promptly; spring heat arrives quickly |
| June | — | Dormant season |
| July | — | Dormant season |
| August | — | Dormant season |
| September | Fall crop planting | Transplant or direct sow for fall harvest before frost |
| October | — | Dormant season |
| November | First frost approaches | Harvest remaining lettuce; cover plants on frost nights |
| December | — | Dormant season |
Lettuce Growing Tips for Maryland Gardeners
- •Direct sow very shallowly — lettuce seeds need light to germinate; cover with just 1/8 inch of soil.
- •Cut outer leaves 1 inch above the crown for "cut-and-come-again" harvests lasting weeks.
- •Maryland's moderate climate supports succession planting — sow new transplants or seeds every 3 weeks during spring to extend the harvest window into fall.
- •Provide afternoon shade in warmer climates (Zones 7+) to extend the spring window before heat bolts plants.
Companion Planting for Lettuce in Maryland
In Maryland's moderate climate, planting lettuce with Carrot and Radish helps deter pests and improve soil. Avoid planting near Fennel and Celery, which inhibit lettuce growth through root chemistry or shared pest pressure. See the full lettuce companion planting guide for the complete list.
Lettuce Planting Dates by City in Maryland
Top cities in Maryland — select for city-level frost dates and planting calendars.
Frequently Asked Questions
When should I plant lettuce in Maryland?
In Maryland (Zone 6a), start lettuce seeds indoors around March 2–9 and transplant outdoors around March 2–12 — 4 weeks before the state's average last frost of March 30.
What is the last frost date in Maryland?
Maryland's average last frost date is March 30 in the state's most common Zone 6a. Frost dates vary by city — higher elevations and northern counties run 1 to 3 weeks later than the state average. See the city list below for city-level frost dates.
Can I grow lettuce year-round in Maryland?
lettuce is a cool-season crop in Maryland, with spring and fall windows. Summer heat bolts the plants before they can produce a harvestable crop. Succession planting every 2–3 weeks stretches the harvest window.
What lettuce varieties grow best in Maryland?
For Maryland's Zone 6a, Buttercrunch, Romaine, and Black-Seeded Simpson perform well across most conditions.
When do I start lettuce seeds indoors in Maryland?
Start lettuce seeds indoors in Maryland around March 2–9, which is 4 weeks before the state's average last frost of March 30. Use grow lights and keep soil temperatures at 70–75°F for fastest germination.